Array ( [PREVIEW_PICTURE] => Array ( [ID] => 76113 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 26.09.2025 17:00:04 [MODULE_ID] => iblock [HEIGHT] => 733 [WIDTH] => 1100 [FILE_SIZE] => 51071 [CONTENT_TYPE] => image/jpeg [SUBDIR] => iblock/131 [FILE_NAME] => 131737dd9131592aaa7329aae2f741c4.jpg [ORIGINAL_NAME] => Labour-minister-Panayiotou-European-Skills-Competition-6.jpg [DESCRIPTION] => [HANDLER_ID] => [EXTERNAL_ID] => 134a0b80f468985579ed5ab1a3e45285 [~src] => [SRC] => /upload/iblock/131/131737dd9131592aaa7329aae2f741c4.jpg [ALT] => Профсоюзы покинули встречу с министром без заявлений [TITLE] => Профсоюзы покинули встречу с министром без заявлений ) [~PREVIEW_PICTURE] => 76113 [ID] => 38606 [~ID] => 38606 [NAME] => Профсоюзы покинули встречу с министром без заявлений [~NAME] => Профсоюзы покинули встречу с министром без заявлений [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [~IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [IBLOCK_SECTION_ID] => 2 [~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID] => 2 [DETAIL_TEXT] => Представители профсоюзов в пятницу покинули встречу с министром труда Яннисом Панайоту по поводу надбавки на стоимость жизни (CoLA), не сделав никаких заявлений.

Журналисты опросили представителей профсоюзов, когда те выходили из министерства труда, но те хранили молчание. Панайоту должен встретиться с представителями Торгово-промышленной палаты Кипра (Keve) и Федерации работодателей и промышленников (Oev) в ближайшие дни.

Ожидается, что после этой встречи он проведёт ещё одну встречу с лидерами профсоюзов.

В среду генеральный секретарь профсоюза Sek Андреас Матсас предупредил о «эскалации мер», если встреча в пятницу не даст результатов.

«В зависимости от позиций или подхода, которые будут проанализированы для нас, мы приняли решение и уполномочены активировать решения об эскалации мер, если это будет сочтено целесообразным», — сказал он. Под этим подразумевалось, что в случае отсутствия прогресса может последовать всеобщая забастовка.

«Сообщение, полученное от бастующих, было ясным, и коллективная позиция профсоюзов сегодня также ясна: при необходимости мы будем усиливать меры», — сказал он.

Двухнедельная [трёхчасовая всеобщая забастовка](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/11/three-hour-strike-ends-without-agreement-on-cola) привела к остановке жизни на острове, рабочие требовали восстановить CoLA в полном, первоначальном виде, подчеркнув, что надбавка сохраняет покупательную способность работников, поддерживает уровень жизни и потребление, а также помогает обеспечить выполнение коллективных договоров.

Государственные службы и общественный транспорт пострадали больше всего, более 50 рейсов и 15 000 авиапассажиров пострадали от забастовки, в то время как профсоюзные активисты по всему острову вышли на улицы.

Генеральный секретарь профсоюза Peo Сотирула Хараламбус на прошлой неделе заявил, что забастовка будет «первым шагом в серии мер, пока мы не достигнем цели, которая является коллективной и универсальной».

На прошлой неделе министр финансов Макис Керавнос заявил, что «[непонятно](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/19/lack-of-agreement-on-cola-inconceivable-keravnos-says)», что рабочие и работодатели ещё не достигли соглашения по этому вопросу.

Отвечая на вопрос, есть ли у него мнение по поводу продолжающейся вражды, он сказал журналистам: «У меня есть мнение, я информирован, и когда появится конкретная информация, мы увидим, какие именно результаты даст соглашение».

«В настоящее время, когда единственная страна в Европейском союзе, у которой нулевая инфляция, — это Кипр, а ранее инфляция была отрицательной, немыслимо, что мы не можем достичь соглашения. Поэтому я обращаюсь ко всем сторонам. Это позитивный момент для достижения соглашения», — сказал он.

С этой целью он подчеркнул необходимость «социального диалога» между работниками и работодателями, назвав его «основным методом и единственным способом достижения решения, когда нам нужно решить критические вопросы».

Его комментарии прозвучали после того, как Oev и Keve объявили, что они получили юридическое заключение, согласно которому [правовое регулирование CoLA в частном секторе является неконституционным](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says).

Заключение было подготовлено Акиллеасом Эмилианидесом, который сказал, что регулирование CoLA для частного сектора законом навязало бы условия, которые не были согласованы всеми сторонами в рамках личных контрактов или коллективных договоров — право, защищённое конституцией.

Таким образом, Oev и Keve призвали правительство «оставаться приверженными системе трёхстороннего сотрудничества и кодексу промышленных отношений», который был согласован работниками и работодателями в 1977 году.

В ответ Матсас сказал, что правительство должно [задокументировать законность](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says) своего предложения о расширении CoLA, чтобы охватить всех работников, даже посредством законодательства, запросив мнение юридической службы.

«То, как этот вопрос… решается, ставит под угрозу плавное развитие трудовых отношений, и это, к сожалению, подтверждается и должно вызывать озабоченность у правительства», — добавил он.

[Ранее в этом году](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/04/25/employers-slam-cost-of-living-allowance-as-outdated) бывший председатель Oev Антонис Антониу выразил своё недовольство CoLA, заявив, что она «должна была исчезнуть».

«Мы считаем, что она должна была исчезнуть. Есть другие инструменты для достижения прогресса сотрудниками, но мы согласны продолжить её с некоторыми изменениями, с модернизацией, соответствующей экономическим реалиям последних десятилетий», — сказал он.

Его точку зрения поддержал председатель Keve Филокипрос Русунидес, который также назвал её в то время «анахроничным институтом, который нуждается в улучшении или замене новым механизмом». [~DETAIL_TEXT] => Представители профсоюзов в пятницу покинули встречу с министром труда Яннисом Панайоту по поводу надбавки на стоимость жизни (CoLA), не сделав никаких заявлений.

Журналисты опросили представителей профсоюзов, когда те выходили из министерства труда, но те хранили молчание. Панайоту должен встретиться с представителями Торгово-промышленной палаты Кипра (Keve) и Федерации работодателей и промышленников (Oev) в ближайшие дни.

Ожидается, что после этой встречи он проведёт ещё одну встречу с лидерами профсоюзов.

В среду генеральный секретарь профсоюза Sek Андреас Матсас предупредил о «эскалации мер», если встреча в пятницу не даст результатов.

«В зависимости от позиций или подхода, которые будут проанализированы для нас, мы приняли решение и уполномочены активировать решения об эскалации мер, если это будет сочтено целесообразным», — сказал он. Под этим подразумевалось, что в случае отсутствия прогресса может последовать всеобщая забастовка.

«Сообщение, полученное от бастующих, было ясным, и коллективная позиция профсоюзов сегодня также ясна: при необходимости мы будем усиливать меры», — сказал он.

Двухнедельная [трёхчасовая всеобщая забастовка](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/11/three-hour-strike-ends-without-agreement-on-cola) привела к остановке жизни на острове, рабочие требовали восстановить CoLA в полном, первоначальном виде, подчеркнув, что надбавка сохраняет покупательную способность работников, поддерживает уровень жизни и потребление, а также помогает обеспечить выполнение коллективных договоров.

Государственные службы и общественный транспорт пострадали больше всего, более 50 рейсов и 15 000 авиапассажиров пострадали от забастовки, в то время как профсоюзные активисты по всему острову вышли на улицы.

Генеральный секретарь профсоюза Peo Сотирула Хараламбус на прошлой неделе заявил, что забастовка будет «первым шагом в серии мер, пока мы не достигнем цели, которая является коллективной и универсальной».

На прошлой неделе министр финансов Макис Керавнос заявил, что «[непонятно](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/19/lack-of-agreement-on-cola-inconceivable-keravnos-says)», что рабочие и работодатели ещё не достигли соглашения по этому вопросу.

Отвечая на вопрос, есть ли у него мнение по поводу продолжающейся вражды, он сказал журналистам: «У меня есть мнение, я информирован, и когда появится конкретная информация, мы увидим, какие именно результаты даст соглашение».

«В настоящее время, когда единственная страна в Европейском союзе, у которой нулевая инфляция, — это Кипр, а ранее инфляция была отрицательной, немыслимо, что мы не можем достичь соглашения. Поэтому я обращаюсь ко всем сторонам. Это позитивный момент для достижения соглашения», — сказал он.

С этой целью он подчеркнул необходимость «социального диалога» между работниками и работодателями, назвав его «основным методом и единственным способом достижения решения, когда нам нужно решить критические вопросы».

Его комментарии прозвучали после того, как Oev и Keve объявили, что они получили юридическое заключение, согласно которому [правовое регулирование CoLA в частном секторе является неконституционным](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says).

Заключение было подготовлено Акиллеасом Эмилианидесом, который сказал, что регулирование CoLA для частного сектора законом навязало бы условия, которые не были согласованы всеми сторонами в рамках личных контрактов или коллективных договоров — право, защищённое конституцией.

Таким образом, Oev и Keve призвали правительство «оставаться приверженными системе трёхстороннего сотрудничества и кодексу промышленных отношений», который был согласован работниками и работодателями в 1977 году.

В ответ Матсас сказал, что правительство должно [задокументировать законность](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says) своего предложения о расширении CoLA, чтобы охватить всех работников, даже посредством законодательства, запросив мнение юридической службы.

«То, как этот вопрос… решается, ставит под угрозу плавное развитие трудовых отношений, и это, к сожалению, подтверждается и должно вызывать озабоченность у правительства», — добавил он.

[Ранее в этом году](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/04/25/employers-slam-cost-of-living-allowance-as-outdated) бывший председатель Oev Антонис Антониу выразил своё недовольство CoLA, заявив, что она «должна была исчезнуть».

«Мы считаем, что она должна была исчезнуть. Есть другие инструменты для достижения прогресса сотрудниками, но мы согласны продолжить её с некоторыми изменениями, с модернизацией, соответствующей экономическим реалиям последних десятилетий», — сказал он.

Его точку зрения поддержал председатель Keve Филокипрос Русунидес, который также назвал её в то время «анахроничным институтом, который нуждается в улучшении или замене новым механизмом». [DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE] => html [~DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE] => html [PREVIEW_TEXT] => Представители профсоюзов в пятницу покинули встречу с министром труда Яннисом Панайоту... [~PREVIEW_TEXT] => Представители профсоюзов в пятницу покинули встречу с министром труда Яннисом Панайоту... [PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE] => html [~PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE] => html [DETAIL_PICTURE] => Array ( [SRC] => /upload/resize_cache/iblock/131/600_400_1/131737dd9131592aaa7329aae2f741c4.jpg [WIDTH] => 600 [HEIGHT] => 399 ) [~DETAIL_PICTURE] => 76114 [ACTIVE_FROM] => 26.09.2025 17:00:00 [~ACTIVE_FROM] => 26.09.2025 17:00:00 [LIST_PAGE_URL] => /news/ [~LIST_PAGE_URL] => /news/ [DETAIL_PAGE_URL] => /news/society/unions-leave-cola-meeting-with-minister-without-making-statements/ [~DETAIL_PAGE_URL] => /news/society/unions-leave-cola-meeting-with-minister-without-making-statements/ [LANG_DIR] => / [~LANG_DIR] => / [CODE] => unions-leave-cola-meeting-with-minister-without-making-statements [~CODE] => unions-leave-cola-meeting-with-minister-without-making-statements [EXTERNAL_ID] => 38606 [~EXTERNAL_ID] => 38606 [IBLOCK_TYPE_ID] => news [~IBLOCK_TYPE_ID] => news [IBLOCK_CODE] => infoportal_news_s1 [~IBLOCK_CODE] => infoportal_news_s1 [IBLOCK_EXTERNAL_ID] => infoportal_news_s1 [~IBLOCK_EXTERNAL_ID] => infoportal_news_s1 [LID] => s1 [~LID] => s1 [NAV_RESULT] => [DISPLAY_ACTIVE_FROM] => 26 Сентября 2025 [IPROPERTY_VALUES] => Array ( ) [FIELDS] => Array ( [PREVIEW_PICTURE] => Array ( [ID] => 76113 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 26.09.2025 17:00:04 [MODULE_ID] => iblock [HEIGHT] => 733 [WIDTH] => 1100 [FILE_SIZE] => 51071 [CONTENT_TYPE] => image/jpeg [SUBDIR] => iblock/131 [FILE_NAME] => 131737dd9131592aaa7329aae2f741c4.jpg [ORIGINAL_NAME] => Labour-minister-Panayiotou-European-Skills-Competition-6.jpg [DESCRIPTION] => [HANDLER_ID] => [EXTERNAL_ID] => 134a0b80f468985579ed5ab1a3e45285 [~src] => [SRC] => /upload/iblock/131/131737dd9131592aaa7329aae2f741c4.jpg [ALT] => Профсоюзы покинули встречу с министром без заявлений [TITLE] => Профсоюзы покинули встречу с министром без заявлений ) ) [PROPERTIES] => Array ( [ORIGINAL_URL] => Array ( [ID] => 51 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2017-10-03 13:37:23 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Ссылка на сайте-источнике [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 10 [CODE] => ORIGINAL_URL [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => N [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => N [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 117374 [VALUE] => /2025/09/26/unions-leave-cola-meeting-with-minister-without-making-statements [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => /2025/09/26/unions-leave-cola-meeting-with-minister-without-making-statements [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Ссылка на сайте-источнике [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [THEME_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 280 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2025-01-08 18:01:42 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Тема (en) [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 20 [CODE] => THEME_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => Y [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => Y [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 117376 [VALUE] => Unions leave CoLA meeting with minister without making statements [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Unions leave CoLA meeting with minister without making statements [~DESCRIPTION] => [~NAME] => Тема (en) [~DEFAULT_VALUE] => ) [TEXT_EN] => Array ( [ID] => 281 [TIMESTAMP_X] => 2025-01-08 18:01:42 [IBLOCK_ID] => 2 [NAME] => Текст новости (en) [ACTIVE] => Y [SORT] => 40 [CODE] => TEXT_EN [DEFAULT_VALUE] => [PROPERTY_TYPE] => S [ROW_COUNT] => 1 [COL_COUNT] => 30 [LIST_TYPE] => L [MULTIPLE] => N [XML_ID] => [FILE_TYPE] => [MULTIPLE_CNT] => 5 [TMP_ID] => [LINK_IBLOCK_ID] => 0 [WITH_DESCRIPTION] => Y [SEARCHABLE] => N [FILTRABLE] => Y [IS_REQUIRED] => N [VERSION] => 1 [USER_TYPE] => HTML [USER_TYPE_SETTINGS] => Array ( [height] => 200 ) [HINT] => [PROPERTY_VALUE_ID] => 117377 [VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Trade union representatives on Friday left a meeting with Labour Minister Yiannis Panayiotou over the cost-of-living allowance (CoLA) without making any statements. The representatives were quizzed by journalists while leaving the labour ministry, but remained silent, with Panayiotou set to meet representatives of both the Cyprus chamber of commerce and industry (Keve) and the employers’ and industrialists’ federation (Oev) in the coming days. After that meeting, it is expected that he will hold another meeting with trade union leaders. On Wednesday, trade union Sek’s secretary-general Andreas Matsas had warned of an “escalation of measures” if Friday’s meeting yielded no results. “Depending on the positions or the approach which will be analysed for us, we have made a decision and are authorised to activate decisions to escalate measures if this is deemed appropriate,” he said, with this understood to mean that if progress was not achieved, a general strike may follow. “The message received from the strikers was clear and the collective position of the trade unions today was also clear that, if necessary, we will escalate the measures,” he said. A [three-hour general strike](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/11/three-hour-strike-ends-without-agreement-on-cola) two weeks ago saw the island brought to a standstill, with workers demanding that CoLA be restored in its full, original form, stressing that the allowance preserves workers’ purchasing power, supports living standards and consumption, and helps enforce collective agreements. Public services and public transport were the most affected, with more than 50 flights and 15,000 airline passengers impacted by the strike, while trade unionists across the island took to the streets. Trade union Peo’s secretary-general Sotiroula Charalambous had last week said the strike would be “the first step in a series of measures, until we achieve the goal, which is collective and universal”. Last week, Finance Minister Makis Keravnos had said it is “[inconceivable](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/19/lack-of-agreement-on-cola-inconceivable-keravnos-says)” that workers and employers are yet to reach an agreement over the matter. Asked whether he has an opinion over the ongoing feud, he told reporters that “I have an opinion, I am informed, and when specific information emerges, we will see exactly what results from an agreement”. “It is inconceivable at this time when the only country in the European Union which has zeroed inflation is Cyprus, while previously inflation was negative, that we cannot reach an agreement. That is why I appeal to all sides. It is a positive juncture to reach an agreement,” he said. To this end, he stressed the need for “social dialogue” between workers and employers, describing it as “the basic method and the only way to reach a solution when we have critical issues to address”. His comments came after Oev and Keve had announced that they had received legal advice indicating that legal regulation of CoLA in the private sector [is unconstitutional](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says). The advice had been prepared by Achilleas Emilianides, who had said that regulating CoLA for the private sector by law would impose terms which had not been agreed on by all sides through personal contracts or collective agreements – a right protected by the constitution. As such, Oev and Keve called on the government “to remain dedicated to the system of tripartite cooperation and the industrial relations code”, which had been agreed upon by workers and employers in 1977. In response, Matsas said the government must [document the legality](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says) of its proposal to expand CoLA to cover all workers, even through legislation, by seeking an opinion by the legal service. “The way this issue … is being handled is placing the smooth development of labour relations at risk and this is, unfortunately, confirmed and should be a matter of concern to the government,” he added. [Earlier in the year](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/04/25/employers-slam-cost-of-living-allowance-as-outdated), former Oev chairman Antonis Antoniou had expressed his distaste for CoLA, saying it “should have disappeared”. “We believe that it should have disappeared. There are other tools for employees to achieve their progress, but we accept to continue it with some variations, with a modernisation which is consistent with the economic realities of recent decades,” he said. His views were echoed by Keve chairman Philokypros Rousounides, who also described it at the time as “an anachronistic institution, which needs improvement or replacement with a new mechanism”. [TYPE] => HTML ) [DESCRIPTION] => [VALUE_ENUM] => [VALUE_XML_ID] => [VALUE_SORT] => [~VALUE] => Array ( [TEXT] => Trade union representatives on Friday left a meeting with Labour Minister Yiannis Panayiotou over the cost-of-living allowance (CoLA) without making any statements. The representatives were quizzed by journalists while leaving the labour ministry, but remained silent, with Panayiotou set to meet representatives of both the Cyprus chamber of commerce and industry (Keve) and the employers’ and industrialists’ federation (Oev) in the coming days. After that meeting, it is expected that he will hold another meeting with trade union leaders. On Wednesday, trade union Sek’s secretary-general Andreas Matsas had warned of an “escalation of measures” if Friday’s meeting yielded no results. “Depending on the positions or the approach which will be analysed for us, we have made a decision and are authorised to activate decisions to escalate measures if this is deemed appropriate,” he said, with this understood to mean that if progress was not achieved, a general strike may follow. “The message received from the strikers was clear and the collective position of the trade unions today was also clear that, if necessary, we will escalate the measures,” he said. A [three-hour general strike](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/11/three-hour-strike-ends-without-agreement-on-cola) two weeks ago saw the island brought to a standstill, with workers demanding that CoLA be restored in its full, original form, stressing that the allowance preserves workers’ purchasing power, supports living standards and consumption, and helps enforce collective agreements. Public services and public transport were the most affected, with more than 50 flights and 15,000 airline passengers impacted by the strike, while trade unionists across the island took to the streets. Trade union Peo’s secretary-general Sotiroula Charalambous had last week said the strike would be “the first step in a series of measures, until we achieve the goal, which is collective and universal”. Last week, Finance Minister Makis Keravnos had said it is “[inconceivable](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/19/lack-of-agreement-on-cola-inconceivable-keravnos-says)” that workers and employers are yet to reach an agreement over the matter. Asked whether he has an opinion over the ongoing feud, he told reporters that “I have an opinion, I am informed, and when specific information emerges, we will see exactly what results from an agreement”. “It is inconceivable at this time when the only country in the European Union which has zeroed inflation is Cyprus, while previously inflation was negative, that we cannot reach an agreement. That is why I appeal to all sides. It is a positive juncture to reach an agreement,” he said. To this end, he stressed the need for “social dialogue” between workers and employers, describing it as “the basic method and the only way to reach a solution when we have critical issues to address”. His comments came after Oev and Keve had announced that they had received legal advice indicating that legal regulation of CoLA in the private sector [is unconstitutional](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says). The advice had been prepared by Achilleas Emilianides, who had said that regulating CoLA for the private sector by law would impose terms which had not been agreed on by all sides through personal contracts or collective agreements – a right protected by the constitution. As such, Oev and Keve called on the government “to remain dedicated to the system of tripartite cooperation and the industrial relations code”, which had been agreed upon by workers and employers in 1977. In response, Matsas said the government must [document the legality](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/09/18/stop-giving-false-hopes-over-cola-union-says) of its proposal to expand CoLA to cover all workers, even through legislation, by seeking an opinion by the legal service. “The way this issue … is being handled is placing the smooth development of labour relations at risk and this is, unfortunately, confirmed and should be a matter of concern to the government,” he added. [Earlier in the year](https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/04/25/employers-slam-cost-of-living-allowance-as-outdated), former Oev chairman Antonis Antoniou had expressed his distaste for CoLA, saying it “should have disappeared”. “We believe that it should have disappeared. There are other tools for employees to achieve their progress, but we accept to continue it with some variations, with a modernisation which is consistent with the economic realities of recent decades,” he said. His views were echoed by Keve chairman Philokypros Rousounides, who also described it at the time as “an anachronistic institution, which needs improvement or replacement with a new mechanism”. 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